[超全整理+持续更新] 在英文外贸开发信中可能使用到的新冠肺炎疫情/coronavirus/COVID-19常用英语及表达

为了让大家在用英文邮件（或外贸开发信）沟通新冠肺炎疫情时可以显得更加专业和严谨，红板砖归纳整理了你可能会使用到的英文单词或短语。（部分内容来自中国翻译研究院，供业界及相关人员参考使用）

提示：下面这个列表我们将持续增加和更新，请大家持续关注。

另外红板砖还为你准备了一些新型冠状病毒肺炎Coronavirus疫情下的外贸开发信模板。

疫病名称

1. coronavirus 新型冠状病毒

2. COVID-19 2019冠状病毒病

3. SARS-CoV-2 严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2

4. pneumonia 肺炎

5. NCP (Novel coronavirus pneumonia) 新型冠状病毒肺炎（新冠肺炎英文简称）

6. severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) 严重急性呼吸综合征（非典）

7. severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) 严重急性呼吸道感染

8. acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) 急性呼吸窘迫综合征

9. Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) 中东呼吸综合征

传染防控

1. Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) 国际关注的突发公共卫生事件

2. pandemic 全球大流行

3. COVID-19 pandemic 冠状病毒病全球大流行

4. outbreak 疫情大爆发

5. Coronavirus outbreak 冠状病毒病爆发

6. epicenter 疫情中心

7. human-to-human transmission 或 person-to-person transmission人传人

8. vaccine 疫苗

9. affected area 疫区

10. quarantine 隔离 (under quarantine 或者 someone is quarantined)

11. incubation period 潜伏期

12. Coronavirus can lie dormant for 14 days 新型冠状病毒肺炎有14天的潜伏期

13. confirmed case 确诊病例

14. suspected case 疑似病例

15. patient in critical condition 重症患者

16. close contact 密切接触者

17. be under medical observation 接受医院观察

18. droplet transmission 飞沫传播

19. fatality rate 病死率

20. death toll 死亡总数

21. epidemic prevention and control 疫情防控

22. imported case 输入性病例

23. secondary infection case 二代病例

24. asymptomatic infection 隐性感染

25. clinical tests 临床检验

26. isolation ward 隔离病房

27. observation ward 观察室

28. fecal-oral transmission 粪口传播

29. prevention and control of the virus 防疫

30. direct contact 直接接触

31. indirect contact 间接接触

32. to monitor body temperature 监测体温

33. to check body temperature 体温检测

34. to quarantine yourself in your home / self-monitored quarantine 自我隔离

35. to wear a mask 戴口罩

36. to wash your hands often / carefully 勤洗手/仔细洗手

37. disinfection 消毒

38. avoid crowds 避免去人多的地方

器具名称

1. face mask / facial mask / facemask / mask 口罩

2. N95 mask/respirator N95口罩

3. surgical mask 医用外科口罩

4. disposable gloves 一次性手套

5. protective clothing / suits 防护服

6. goggles 护目镜

7. infrared thermometer 红外体温测量仪

8. thermal imaging camera for temperature monitoring 体温检测热像仪

9. diagnostic tool / kit 诊断器具

10. disinfectant / antiseptic solution 消毒液

11. disinfectant / antiseptic wipes 消毒湿巾

12. alcohol-based hand rub/sanitizer 含酒精洗手液

13. protective suit 防护服

14. negative pressure ambulance 负压救护车

15. medical supplies 医疗物资

16. urgently needed materials 紧缺物资

政策举措

1. the lockdown of a city / a city is on lockdown 封城

2. first-level public health emergency response 重大突发公共卫生事件一级响应

3. Public Health Emergency of International Concern（PHEIC）国际关注的突发公共卫生事件

4. shortage of medical supplies 医疗物资紧缺

5. daily necessities 日常基本生活物资

6. cross-border procurement 跨境采购

7. to stock up on food 囤积食物

机构、职业群体和场所名称

1. WHO (World Health Organization) 世界卫生组织（世卫组织）

2. Leading Group of the CPC Central Committee for Novel Coronavirus Prevention and Control 中央应对新型冠状病毒感染肺炎疫情工作领导小组（中央应对疫情工作领导小组）

3. National Health Commission （NHC）中国国家卫生健康委员会（卫健委）

4. Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC) 中国疾病预防控制中心（中国疾控中心）

5. National Healthcare Security Administration (NHSA) 国家医疗保障局（国家医保局）

6. medical institution 医疗机构

7. health institution 卫生机构

8. medical practitioner / healthcare professional 医疗从业者

9. medical personnel / health workforce / health workers 医疗人员

10. frontline health workers 一线医护人员

11. Zhong Nanshan, a prominent Chinese expert in respiratory diseases (and a hero of the 2003 fight against SARS) 钟南山

12. designated hospitals 定点医院

13. fever clinic 发热门诊

14. intensive care unit (ICU) 重症监护病房

15. quarantine office 检疫所

16. pharmacy / drugstore 药店

其他表述

遏制

要表达“遏制”（疫情传播）可以用contain、stem、halt和curb：

We are confident in our ability to contain the spread of the virus.

In an effort to stem the spread of the virus from its suspected origin, transport bans were instituted in some cities.

People are encouraged to wear masks to halt the spread of the novel coronavirus.

The Government on Monday (Jan 27) announced a slew of further measures to urb the spread of the Wuhan coronavirus in the Republic.

延长假期 / 延期开学

School return was postponed.

China has extended the Lunar New Year holiday until Sunday; on Tuesday it was announced that the start of the next semester for schools and universities across the country would be postponed.

表示“传播”的词有spread、transmit、pass

1. spread、transmit和pass都可作为不及物动词

Many of the respiratory viruses that spread amongst humans do transmit even in the absence of symptoms, including influenza and other cold viruses. They are carried into the air during normal breathing and talking by the infected person.

It is known that this virus can pass from one to another through close physical contact.

2. spread、transmit和pass也都可作为及物动词

Other respiratory infections such as measles and influenza can both be spread, without the infected person showing symptoms.

Coronaviruses are zoonotic, which means they are transmitted between animals and people.

More and more evidence suggests that it can be passed by droplets that spread face to face by a cough or sneeze directly on the face from one to another as was SARS.

3. spread可以加上ing变成名词

If symptomless spreading is confirmed, it would not be too surprising.

4. spread本身也可以作为名词使用

WHO Director-General is confident in China’s ability to control and contain the spread of the virus.

5. 有时我们也可以用其他词来形象的表达，比如：jump。

The coronavirus is a zoonotic disease, meaning it jumps from animals to humans.

endemic vs epidemic vs pandemic

endemic、epidemic和pandemic是流行病学里的三个常见的概念，它们是outbreak的三种类型，我们可以从持续时间和影响范围这两个方面来区别。

持续时间

endemic持续时间较长，比较稳定，不会突然消失，表现其特点的英文表达有：occurs at a predictable rate、remain at a steady state。

epidemic和pandemic一样，持续时间较短，起病快、传播迅速，但又突然消失，相关的英文表达有：rapidly spread、normally spread in two weeks or less。

影响范围

endemic影响特定群体或局部地区，如：in a certain area or among a set population.

epidemic的影响范围较大，amongst a large number of people in a given population。

pandemic的影响范围更大，It stretches over a larger area, infects more people and causes more deaths than an epidemic.甚至在全世界范围内流行（worldwide spread）。（来源：红板砖开发信）

以上内容属作者个人观点，不代表雨果网立场！本文经原作者授权转载，转载需经原作者授权同意。